Nucleotides and Cofactors Panel
Select an analyte below or open the graphic. Measured analytes are shown as clickable nodes; contextual (unmeasured) compounds are visually distinguished.
Nucleotide and Cofactor Pathway Map
Select an analyte to highlight its biochemical region and update the information panel. Reaction arrows show simplified pathway relationships.
Nucleoside–nucleotide pools
Four related ladders, showing measured nucleosides and nucleotide phosphorylation states.
Adenine nucleotide pool
Adenosine and the adenylate pool; phosphorylation and dephosphorylation depend on enzymes and energy state.
Guanine nucleotide pool
Guanosine salvage and guanine nucleotide phosphorylation.
Cytidine nucleotide pool
Cytidine and cytidylate phosphorylation states.
Uridine nucleotide pool
Uridine and uridylate phosphorylation states.
NAD and NADP redox couples
Measured oxidized and reduced nicotinamide cofactors. NAD⁺ phosphorylation connects NAD to NADP; NADH and NADPH are distinct redox partners.
Cyclic nucleotide branches
Conventional signaling products are separated from the RNA-degradation-associated 2′,3′-cAMP isomer.
Canonical cAMP formation
ATP → 3′,5′-cAMP via adenylyl cyclase.
Cyclic GMP
GTP → cGMP in guanylyl cyclase pathways; confirm the assay's cGMP isomer.
RNA-related cyclic AMP
2′,3′-cAMP is distinct from the canonical signaling isomer.
Cyclic CMP
Position of the cyclic phosphate was not specified; no specific reaction is assumed.
Flavin cofactor
Related redox chemistry, but a separate cofactor system from NAD.
Simplified pathways are conceptual and do not establish reaction rates or flux. Connecting steps may require additional metabolites, cofactors, enzymes, and compartment-specific reactions. FADH₂ and RNA intermediates are contextual, not measured by this panel.